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glucophage
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What is the most important information I should know about glucophage?
• A small number of people who have taken glucophage have developed a
serious condition called lactic acidosis that has been fatal in up to 50% of
cases. Lactic acidosis has occurred most often in people whose kidneys were
not working properly. Liver problems may also increase the risk of developing
lactic acidosis. Stop taking glucophage and call your doctor immediately if
you experience a feeling of general discomfort or sickness; weakness; sore or
aching muscles; trouble breathing, unusual drowsiness, dizziness or
lightheadedness; unusual or unexplained stomach upset (after the initial
stomach upset that may occur at the start of therapy with glucophage); or
the sudden development of a slow or irregular heartbeat. These may be signs of
lactic acidosis.
• Avoid excessive alcohol intake while taking glucophage. Together, alcohol
and glucophage may increase the risk of lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia.
• glucophage does not usually cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
Nevertheless, hypoglycemia may occur, as a result of skipped meals, excessive
exercise, or alcohol consumption. Know the signs and symptoms of low blood
sugar, which include hunger, headache, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, a fast
heartbeat, sweating, tremor, and nausea. Carry candy or glucose tablets to
treat episodes of low blood sugar.
What is glucophage?
• glucophage is used to regulate blood glucose (sugar) levels. glucophage
works in three ways: first, it reduces the amount of glucose produced by your
liver; second, it reduces the amount of glucose absorbed from food through
your stomach; and third, it makes the insulin that your body produces work
better to reduce the amount of glucose already in your blood.
• glucophage is used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM
or Type II diabetes).
• glucophage may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this
medication guide.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking glucophage?
• Do not take glucophage without first talking to your doctor if you
· have kidney disease;
· have liver disease;
· have congestive heart failure;
· have acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis;
· have had a heart attack or a stroke;
· have a serious infection, illness, or injury;
· need to have surgery;
· need to have x-rays or other procedures using injectable contrast agents;
· are dehydrated (have lost water from your body) due to diarrhea, vomiting,
fever, heat stroke, decreased fluid intake, or any other cause;
· drink alcohol; or
· are 80 years of age or older and have not had your kidney function tested.
• You may not be able to take glucophage, or you may require a dosage
adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the
conditions listed above.
• glucophage is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is
unlikely to harm an unborn baby. Usually, your doctor will want to prescribe
insulin to control diabetes during pregnancy. Do not take glucophage without
first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant.
• glucophage passes into breast milk and may affect a nursing baby. Do not
take glucophage without first talking to your doctor if you are
breast-feeding a baby.
• If you are over the age of 65 years, there may be an slight increase in the
risk of developing lactic acidosis due to a natural decline in kidney function
with advancing age. A lower dose or special monitoring may be necessary during
your treatment.
How should I take glucophage?
• Take glucophage exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not
understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain
the instructions to you.
• Take each dose with a full glass of water.
• Take glucophage with a meal to reduce nausea, diarrhea, and upset stomach
that may occur with glucophage therapy. These symptoms may be more likely to
occur during the first few weeks of therapy.
• A decrease in vitamin B12 may also occur during glucophage therapy. Your
doctor may want to monitor your blood levels of vitamin B12 and you may need
to take B12 supplements. A vitamin B12 deficiency may rarely cause anemia.
• Your doctor may want to monitor your blood sugar control and other factors
with regularly scheduled blood tests.
• Occasionally, inactive ingredients in the glucophage extended-release
(glucophage XR) tablets may pass through your body undissolved and appear in
the stool as a soft mass. This is not harmful, and the medication has been
absorbed by your body.
• Store glucophage at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
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What happens if I miss a dose?
• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time
for your next dose, skip the missed dose and only take your next regularly
scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose.
What happens if I overdose?
• Seek emergency medical attention.
• An overdose of glucophage is likely to cause lactic acidosis. Symptoms of
lactic acidosis include a feeling of general discomfort or sickness; weakness;
sore or aching muscles; trouble breathing; unusual drowsiness, dizziness or
lightheadedness; unusual or unexplained stomach upset (after the initial
stomach upset that may occur at the start of therapy with glucophage); and
the sudden development of a slow or irregular heartbeat.
What should I avoid while taking glucophage?
• Avoid excessive alcohol intake while taking glucophage. Together, alcohol
and glucophage may increase the risk of lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia.
• Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely. Changing
any of these things can effect your blood sugar levels.
• Tell your doctor or other health care provider that you are taking this
medication if you need to have surgery or x-ray procedures that require
injection of contrast agents. Treatment with glucophage may need to be
stopped for a short period of time.
• Tell your doctor that you are taking glucophage if you become ill, if you
have a heart attack; if you have a stroke; if you develop congestive heart
failure; if you experience diarrhea, vomiting, fever, or dehydration from any
cause; or if you decrease the amount of food or liquid in your normal diet.
You may need to stop your treatment with glucophage for a short amount of
time until you are feeling better.
What are the possible side effects of glucophage?
• Stop taking glucophage and seek emergency medical attention if you
experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat;
swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives).
• A small number of people who have taken glucophage have developed a
serious condition called lactic acidosis that has been fatal in up to 50% of
cases. Lactic acidosis has occurred most often in people whose kidneys were
not working properly. Liver problems may also increase the risk of developing
lactic acidosis. Stop taking glucophage and call your doctor immediately if
you experience a feeling of general discomfort or sickness; weakness; sore or
aching muscles; trouble breathing, unusual drowsiness, dizziness or
lightheadedness; unusual or unexplained stomach upset (after the initial
stomach upset that may occur at the start of therapy with glucophage); or
the sudden development of a slow or irregular heartbeat. These may be signs of
lactic acidosis.
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to
take glucophage and talk to your doctor if you experience
· nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea at the start of therapy;
· abdominal bloating or increased gas production; or
· decreased appetite or changes in taste (metallic taste in your mouth).
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your
doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially
bothersome.
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